To handle large file uploads, use streaming to process files in chunks, which avoids loading the entire file into memory at once.

When handling large file uploads in Node.js, loading an entire file into memory can quickly exceed the server’s memory limits, especially for files in the gigabyte range. A more efficient approach is to process file uploads in chunks using streams. Node.js's stream module allows you to read data incrementally without holding the entire file in memory, which makes it ideal for large uploads. Libraries like multer or busboy are commonly used for handling file uploads and can be configured to use streams for more memory-efficient processing. Additionally, streaming the data directly to a storage service like AWS S3 or Google Cloud Storage, rather than storing it on the server, reduces the server's memory usage further. You can also apply techniques like rate-limiting or chunking the upload to improve performance and prevent memory overload. By using streaming, you can safely handle large file uploads without risking memory exhaustion, making it a crucial technique for scalable Node.js applications.