Segmentation faults usually occur due to accessing invalid memory. Check for out-of-bounds array access or null pointers.

Segmentation faults occur when your program tries to access memory it’s not allowed to, usually caused by out-of-bounds array access or dereferencing null or uninitialized pointers. To debug a segmentation fault, the first step is to check all array and pointer accesses to ensure they are within bounds. For instance, in a 0-indexed array of size n, trying to access arr[n] would cause a segfault. Memory issues can also occur in recursive programs that go too deep, causing stack overflow. Using debugging tools like gdb or adding print statements before array or pointer accesses can help identify the exact location of the fault. Properly handling memory allocation and freeing unused memory in languages like C++ can prevent many segmentation faults.